Canada’s Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer: New Specialist Recommendations

In a recent CPAC PrimeTime Politics segment, specialists outlined their recommendations on how Canada can work towards eliminating cervical cancer as a public health issue by 2040. This ambitious goal has been set under the Action Plan for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer in Canada, 2020-2030, targeting increased human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake and a sweeping shift to HPV primary screening by 2035.

Screening Recommendations

Key recommendations include routine cervical cancer screening for anyone with a cervix who has been sexually active, typically from the ages of 25 to 69, or up to 70 in some guidelines. The frequency of these screenings varies depending on the test type and specific provincial or territorial protocols.

HPV testing: This preferred method is increasingly being adopted due to its higher sensitivity in detecting precancerous lesions early. It is recommended every three to five years. The availability of self-collection options also enhances accessibility.

Pap tests: Still in use in some areas, these are recommended every three years.

British Columbia was one of the pioneers in transitioning to HPV primary screening in 2024, establishing a standard for screening every three to five years, irrespective of HPV vaccination status.

Eligibility and Special Cases

Screening is targeted at women, as well as Two-Spirit, transgender, gender-diverse, and non-binary individuals with a cervix. There is typically no screening recommended for those under 25, even if sexually active, and screenings generally conclude at age 69 unless there are specific conditions such as being immunocompromised or needing follow-up from recent colposcopy procedures.

For individuals who have undergone a hysterectomy, screening is only advised if there is a history of high-grade lesions. Furthermore, higher-risk individuals, such as those who are immunocompromised, may require more frequent screenings and should consult healthcare providers for personalized advice.

Progress and Challenges

Recent data reveals that there were nearly 430 cervical cancer deaths in Canada in 2025, highlighting the urgency of implementing effective prevention strategies. The adoption of HPV testing in several provinces aligns with research supporting reduced cancer risk. No update has yet been provided by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, but one is anticipated by 2025.

These recommendations underscore the importance of following provincial guidelines and working with healthcare providers to ensure proper accessibility and effectiveness of this cancer prevention plan.

Canada remains committed to these initiatives, recognizing the critical role that widespread HPV vaccination and rigorous screening play in achieving the goal of elimination by 2040.