FILE ON PHILADELPHIA FEDERAL RESERVECompany

Philadelphia Federal Reserve

cheap labour suppresses adoption of automation technology1. elasticity of substitution between automation capital and labour of 3.82.

1 SOURCE · 2 DOCUMENTED FACTS · 1 DISPUTED · OPENED 2026-07-23 · UPDATED 2026-07-23
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cheap labour suppresses adoption of automation technology

Mass Immigration and the Suppression of Domestic Innovation
“Strong causal evidence — and the most directly applicable to the Canadian hypothesis.”
VERIFIED — a word-for-word match in the stored source

elasticity of substitution between automation capital and labour of 3.8

Mass Immigration and the Suppression of Domestic Innovation
“Philadelphia Federal Reserve Working Paper 21-11”
VERIFIED — a word-for-word match in the stored source
Disputed — who says what, against what see standalone →

These are things people say about Philadelphia Federal Reserve that aren't settled fact — each one attributed to who's actually claiming it, so a claim never quietly passes as established just because it showed up in a document. Weigh it yourself.

Disputed
"abundant low-wage labour reduces firms' incentives to invest in automation, training, and labour-saving innovation"
Unattributed assertion · stance: pro
The evidence on file mostly supports this, but it's still someone's claim, not a settled fact.
Mass Immigration and the Suppression of Domestic Innovation ↗