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7The headline finding is this: McLuhan's acoustic-space thesis, Ong's secondary orality, and the cognitive-neuroscientific literatures on speech, inner speech, and embodied prosody are all richly developed individually.The Acoustic Return: A Research Pass on McLuhan, Voice Interfaces, and the Fifty-Year Visual DetourIntroduction and FramingMcLuhan & media theory…McLuhanesque epoch shift — particularly any rigorous update of Ong's secondary orality framework for AI voice agents that have ingested the entire typographic archive.The Acoustic Return: A Research Pass on McLuhan, Voice Interfaces, and the Fifty-Year Visual DetourIntroduction and FramingMcLuhan & media theory…avelock's Preface to Plato (1963), McLuhan's Gutenberg Galaxy (1962), and Ong's Orality and Literacy (1982) — held that alphabetic literacy radically restructures cognition, enabling abstraction, decontextualized reasoning, history, individualism, and the categorical separation of knower from known.The Acoustic Return: A Research Pass on McLuhan, Voice Interfaces, and the Fifty-Year Visual DetourThe "great divide" debateMcLuhan & media theoryOng then went his own way: Orality and Literacy (1982) gives the most rigorous account of the psychodynamics of oral cultures, drawing on Milman Parry, Albert Lord, and Eric Havelock.A Comprehensive Map of Marshall McLuhan's Thought: Concepts, Neuroscience, Unexplored Territory, and Critical ReceptionMcLuhan and his Contemporaries: Convergences and DivergencesMcLuhan & media theoryOng's distinctive contribution is the concept of secondary orality — the orality of electronic media, which is not identical to primary orality because it is shaped by literate consciousness underneath.A Comprehensive Map of Marshall McLuhan's Thought: Concepts, Neuroscience, Unexplored Territory, and Critical ReceptionMcLuhan and his Contemporaries: Convergences and DivergencesMcLuhan & media theoryOng then went his own way: Orality and Literacy (1982) gives the most rigorous account of the psychodynamics of oral cultures, drawing on Milman Parry, Albert Lord, and Eric Havelock.A Comprehensive Map of Marshall McLuhan's Thought: Concepts, Neuroscience, Unexplored Territory, and Critical ReceptionMcLuhan and his Contemporaries: Convergences and DivergencesMcLuhan & media theoryWe perceive the prior medium, not the current one — and so when literate people introspect, they discover a quasi-Cartesian inner theater (a print-shaped self), while oral-culture people, on Ong's account in Orality and Literacy (1982), discover something far more participatory, situational, agonistic, and homeostatic.The Examined Cognition: Substrates of Metacognition and Methods for Looking at the LookingV. The McLuhan substrate: figure, ground, and the rear-view mirrorMcLuhan & media theory